Wednesday, July 13, 2011

ഇസ്ലാമും സൂഫിസവും

Ckvemapw kzq^nkhpw
{kjvSmhmb AÃmlphns\ hW§n Ah\p am{Xw FÃmw kaÀ¸n¨p D]mkn¡pI F¶ e£y¯n\mWvv a\pjy³ krjvSn¡s¸«Xv. "D¶X\mb \nsâ c£nXmhns\ hmgv¯n ]dbpI. Ah³ krjvSn¡pIbpw {IaoIcWw \S¯pIbpw sNbvXh\t{X'.(hn.Jp: 87:2) a\pjykrjvSn¸nsâ BXy´nI e£yw AÃmlphns\ Adnªv Bcm[n¡Â am{XamsW¶v JpÀB³ 51:56  ]dbp¶p. a\pjysâ krjvSn¸v, hfÀ¨, hnImkw, DbÀ¨, t\«§Ä XpS§nb cwK§fn AddanÃm¯ A\p{Kl§fmWv AÃmlp Ah\v \ÂInbXv. A\p{Klw sNbvXh\p \µnsN¿pI am\pjnI IS¸mSpIfn s]«XmWv. B \nebv¡v AÃmlp sNbvX A\p{Kl§Ä¡v F{XXs¶ \µn sNbvXmepw aXnbmhpIbnÃ. B \µn kqN\IfmWv Bcm[\IÄ. Cu \µn F{X {]ISn¸n¨mepw aXnhcnIbnÃ. F¦nepw Ahs\ ImWp¶ t]mse Bcm[\ sNbvXv Ahsâ kmao]yw IcØam¡Ww. Bßob ip²oIcW¯neqsS am{Xta CXv km[n¡pIbpffq.
kÂkz`mhw, `àn, BZchv, D]mk\ XpS§nb kÀÆ KpW§fpw Bßmhns\ B{ibn¨mWv \nesImffp¶Xv. AXnsâ hmln\n am{XamWv icocw. tZln kwkv¡cn¡s¸Spt¼mÄ tZlw \¶mbn Xocp¶p. tZlnbpsS taml§Ä¡pw XmÂ]cy§Ä¡pw ASns¸SmsX AI¶v IgnbpIbpw ZpÀKpW§fn \n¶v tZlnsb kwc£n¡pIbpw sN¿pt¼mÄ AXnsâ \· I®v, ImXv, I¿v, Imev XpS§nb AwK§fneqsS {]ISamIp¶p. AXpsIm­ണ്ടmWv JpÀB\n \nch[n Øe§fn Bßkwkv¡cWw Du¶n]dªXv. kÂ]mÙmhpw ZpÀamÀ¤hpw Bßmhnsâ ap¶n AÃmlp ImWn¨pX¶ncn¡p¶p. ZpÀamÀ¤w shSnªv kÂkcWn kzoIcn¨p XkvInb¯v kn²n¨hÀ hnPbn¨psh¶v Adnbn¡pIbpw sNbvXncn¡p¶p. "a\pjymßm¡sf krjvSn¨p {IaoIcn¨h³ Xs¶bmWv kXyw. Bßmhn\v AXnsâ ZpÀ\S¸pw `ànbpw Ah³ tXm¶n¸n¨p. \nÝbw, Bßmhv kwkv¡cn¨h³ hnPbn¡pIbpw ZpÀ\S¸v sImണ്ടv ]qgv¯nbh³ ]cmPbs¸SpIbpw sNbvXncn¡p¶p'. (hn.Jp. 91:9)
P\§sf FÃm ZpÀ\S¸pIfn \n¶pw amddn XkvInb¯v sN¿p¶Xn\mWv \_namsc AÃmlp \ntbmKn¨Xv. \_n (kz) bpsS \ntbmKe£yw hnhcn¨p sIm­ണ്ടv JpÀB³ 3:164  AÃmlp ]dªp: "P\§fn \n¶v Xs¶bpff Hcp kXyZqXs\ AÃmlp \ntbmKn¨t¸mÄ kXyhnizmknIÄ¡v, \nÝbw, AÃmlp A\p{Klw sNmcnªncn¡p¶p. Ahsâ ZrjvSm´§Ä P\§Ä¡v ]mcmbWw sN¿pIbpw Ahsc kwkv¡cn¡pIbpw {KÙhpw XXzhpw ]Tn¸n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶ {]hmNI³. "\nÝbw, AhÀ hyàamb AÔImc¯nembncp¶p.' lrZbw ip²oIcn¡pt¼mgmWv B kwkv¡cWw k^eamIp¶Xv. Bßkwkv¡cW¯neqsS a\pjy³ Hu¶Xy¯nsâbpw ]cnip²nbptSbpw ]ShpIfnse¯p¶p. lrZb¯nsâ KpW§fmb `bw, `àn, ]Ým¯m]w, {]Xo£, tamlw, kvt\lw, Xmgva, hn\bw F¶nhsb Ipdns¨Ãmw JpÀB\n hnhn[ Øe§fn hntijn¸n¡p¶pണ്ട­v. B A[ym]\§Ä DÄsIm­v lrZbw \¶m¡pt¼mtg a\pjy³ \¶mhpIbpffq. B ZuXyamWv Xncp\_n (kz) \nÀÆln¨Xv. \_n (kz) bpsS GXv D]tZiw ]cntim[n¨mepw a\pjyIpes¯ Bßob ]ptcmKXnbpsS D¶X§fnse¯n¡m³ DXIp¶Xv am{Xta ImWpIbpÅq. DZmlcWambn H¶p ImWpI:
\_n (kz) kzlm_nIsfm¶n¨ncn¡pt¼mÄ aX Imcy§Ä ]Tn¸n¡m³ Pn_vco (A) a\pjycq]¯n h¶ kw`hw lZokv {KÙ§fn kphnZnXamWv. _pJmcnbpw apkvenapw B kw`hw hnhcn¨ncn¡p¶p. \_n (kz) bpsS Nmc¯p h¶ncp¶ Pn_vco (A) Cuam³, Ckvemw Imcy§sf Ipdn¨v At\zjn¨p. \_n (kz) AsXms¡ ]Tn¸n¨p sImSp¯p. At¸mÄ tNmZyw Clvkm\ns\ Ipdn¨mbn. Bdp Imcy§fn hnizkn¡pIbpw Ckvemw Imcy§fnse IÀ½§Ä sN¿m³ Hcp§pIbpw sN¿p¶ GsXmcmÄ¡pw Dണ്ട­mbncnt¡­ണ്ട KpWamWv Clvkm³ AYhm BßmÀYX. CXns\Ipdn¨pff tNmZy¯n\v \_n (kz) bpsS adp]Sn C{]Imcambncp¶p: AÃmlphns\ ap¶n ImWp¶ hn[amIWw \o Ah\v C_mZ¯v sN¿p¶Xv. \o Ahs\ ImWp¶nsæn Ah³ \ns¶ ImWp¶p F¶ [mcWbpണ്ട­mIWw. cണ്ട­p Imcy§fmWv Xncp\_n (kz) ]Tn¸n¡p¶Xv. H¶v: Bcm[\ bPam\s\ ap¶n Iണ്ട­p sImണ്ട­mbncn¡Ww. apXemfn {i²n¨p sImണ്ട­ncn¡pt¼mÄ sXmgnemfn FSp¡p¶ tPmenbn BßmÀYX ImWpatÃm. AXpt]mse AÃmlphns\ ap¼n Iണ്ട­p sImണ്ട­v hW§pt¼mÄ AXv \njvIf¦ambncn¡pw. Cu kq£vaamb `mhw km[mcW¡mÀ¡v Ignbm¯XmWv. cണ്ടmat¯Xv D¶X ]Zhn ssIhcn¡m¯hÀ¡pffXmWv. AYhm DSaØ\mb AÃmlp ho£n¡pIbpw {i²n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p­¶ [mcWbn Bcm[\ sN¿pI. Cu [mcWbpണ്ടmIpt¼mgpw lrZbw `àn sImണ്ട­vv {]tim`nXamIpw.
"\nÝbw, icoc¯n Hcp amwk]nWvUapണ്ട­v. AXv \¶mbm icocw apgps¡ \¶mbn. AXv Zpjn¨m icocamkIew Zpjn¨Xp Xs¶. AdnbpI. AXv lrZbat{X' (_pJmcn) "\nÝbw, AÃmlp \n§fpsS icoc¯ntet¡m cq]¯ntet¡m t\m¡pIbnÃ. {]XypX \n§fpsS lrZb§fnte¡mWh³ t\m¡p¶Xv'. (apkvenw) Npcp¡¯n sNfn]pc­ hkv{Xhpambn P\at²y hcm³ shdp¡p¶Xv t]mse amen\yw ]pc­ lrZbhpambn AÃmlphns\ kao]n¡m\pw ePvPn¡Ww. Xncp\_n (kz) injy·mcmb kzlm_nkaqls¯ kwkv¡cns¨Sp¯Xv lrZb§sf I¿nseSp¯p sIm­mbncp¶p. `uXnI Imcy§Ä¡pw PohnX hn`h§sfmcp¡p¶Xn\pw {]tXyI {]tNmZ\w sImSpt¡ണ്ട­XnÃ. ImcWw a\pjy³ {]IrXym AXn\p k¶²\mWv. Bßob ]cnt]mjW¯n\v \nc´cw {]tNmZ\hpw D]tZihpw sNt¿­Xmbn hcp¶p. B `mh§fmWv Xncp\_n (kz) bpsS D]tZi§fnepw enJnX§fnepw ImWm\pffXv. B \ne¡v lrZb ip²nssIhcn¨v BßssNX\yw t\Sm³ \nch[n D]tZi§Ä \_n (kz) \ÂInbn«pണ്ട­v.
X\n¡mhiyanÃm¯ Imcy§Ä Dt]£n¡pt¼mÄ am{Xta HcmÄ ]qÀ® apkvenamhpIbpffq. lemtem ldmtam F¶v kwibapff Imcy§Ä {]hÀ¯n¡pItbm kzoIcn¡pItbm sN¿m sX kwibanÃm¯Xnte¡v \o§pI. kvt\lw , tIm]w XpS§nbh AÃmlphn\v th­n am{XamhpI.... XpS§n H«\h[n \nÀt±i§Ä Xncp\_n (kz) {]kvXmhn¨Xv lrZb ip²oIcW¯n\v thണ്ട­nbmWv. lrZb¯n\v imizX kam[m\w ssIhcp¶Xv ]mc{XnI hnPbw Dd¸phcpt¼mÄ am{XamIp¶p. AXmIs« \cI¯n\p apIfn Øm]n¨ kzndmXzp ]mew hn«p IS¡msX Dd¸n¡m\mhp¶XÃ. AXn\m kXyhnizmknbpsS lrZbw AÃmlphns\ Ipdn¨pÅ `bw \ndªXmbncn¡psa¶v apBZp_n³P_ (d) ]dbp¶p. (cnkme¯p Jpssicn). almßm¡fmb kzlm_nIÄ, Xm_nDIÄ XpS§nbhÀ Cu D¯aKpWw DÄsIm­ `à·mcmbncp¶p. A´co£¯n ]mdp¶ ]dhsb t\m¡n A_q_¡À (d) ]dªp: Rm\pw Cu ]£nsb t]mse Bbncp¶psh¦nÂ, a\pjy\mbn krjvSn¡s¸«nÃmbncp¶psh¦n ]ctemI¯v hnNmcW t\cntSണ്ട­n hcnÃmbncp¶p. (Clvb 4:160). DaÀ (d) Hcpthf Hcp ]pÂsImSn I¿n ]nSn¨p sImണ്ട­v ]dªp. Rm\o ]pÃp t]mse hnNmcWbnÃm¯h\mbncp¶psh¦nÂ, D½ Fs¶ {]khn¨nÃmbncp¶ph¦nÂ.....\cIs¯ HmÀ¯v Icªncp¶ Jeo^ DaÀ (d) sâ IhnÄ XS§fn cണ്ട­p hcIÄ sXfnªp ImWmambncp¶p. (Clvb 4:161)
]ctemI in£Isf Ipdn¨pff Xm¡oXpIÄ lrZbip²nbpff hnizmknIsf A¼c¸n¨ncp¶p. AkzØXbpw `bhpw D±o]n¸n¨ncp¶p. Jeo^ DaÀ (d) Hcp \mÄ \S¶p t]mIp¶p. hgnh¡nsemcp ho«n HcmÄ i_vZ¯n JpÀBt\mXn \nkv¡cn¡p¶p. ]mcmbW i_vZw tI« DaÀ (d) {i²n¨p \n¶p. kqd¯p¶qdmbncp¶p ]mcmbWw sNbvXncp¶Xv. AXnse "\nÝbw \nsâ \mYsâ in£ h¶v `hn¡pI Xs¶ sN¿pw. AXns\ XSbp¶ H¶pw Xs¶bnÃ.' F¶ÀYw hcp¶ kqàsa¯nbt¸mÄ t]Sn¨p t]mb DaÀ (d) hml\¸pd¯v \n¶v Cd§n AÂv]w hn{ian¨p. hnjmZw ]q­ lrZbt¯msS ho«n Xncns¨¯n. Hcp amk¡mew tcmK_m[nX\mbn InS¶p. (Clvb 4:160)
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XkzÆp^pw kzq^nkhpsaÃmw Ckveman\p ]pd¯msW¶ [mcWbp­ണ്ടvv. kXy¯n XnIª AÚXbmWnXv. kzq^nkw Ckveman\v A\yaÃ. Xncp\_n (kz) bpsS ]mTimebn \n¶mWnXn\v AØnhmcan«Xv. kq£vaamb ]T\¯n AXv JpÀB\nepw kp¶¯nepw ]dªXv Xs¶sb¶v hyàamIp¶p. ImcWw Bßkwkv¡cWhpw lrZbip²oIcWhpw `uXnI hncànbpw e£yw sh¨v hnip² JpÀB\n \nch[n kqà§fpണ്ട­vv. XkvInb¯v F¶]Zw sImണ്ട­pt±in¡p¶ AtX BibamWv Xncp\_n (kz) Clvkm³ {]tbmK¯neqsS H¶p IqSn hniZam¡nbXv. XkvInb¯v sImണ്ട­pw Clvkm³ sIm­ണ്ടpw km[yamIp¶ AtX t\«w Xs¶bmWv XkzÆp^v sIm­ണ്ടpw km[yamIp¶Xv.
{]apJ kzq^nbmb A_q\kvdv kndmPv (ln :378), Xsâ {KÙamb "ep½': bn kzq^nIÄ JpÀB³ kzoIcn¨hcpw \_nNcyIÄ ]n³]ddm³ XymKw sN¿p¶hcpw kzlm_nIÄ, Xm_nDIÄ F¶nhsc ]n³]ddnbhcpamsW¶v hniZoIcn¨tijw kzq^n {]tab§sf Ipdn¨v {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p: kzq^nIfpsS {][m\ {]tXyIX A\mhiy§Ä hÀPvPn¡pI. ]cae£yamb AÃmlphnsâ Xr]vXn ssIhcp¯p¶Xn\v hnLmXw krjvSn¡p¶Xv apgph³ shSnbpI F¶nhbmWv. Cu XymKw ]cnt]mjn¸ns¨Sp¡m³ th­ണ്ട kl\ioe¯nsâ ASnØm\ ineIsf Ipdn¨t±lw ]dbp¶Xv ImWpI: "Ipdª `uXnI kpJw sIm­ണ്ടvv aXnbm¡pI. Pohsâ \ne\nÂ]n\mhiyamb Ipdª Afhn am{Xw `£Ww Ign¡pI. k¼¶Xsb shdp¯v Zmcn{Zyw Xr]vXns¸SpI. Hu¶Xyhpw Øm\am\hpw tamln¡mXncn¡pI. \nkvXpehn\bw ImWn¡pI. IjvS¸mSpIÄ XymKa\tÊmsS kln¡pI. tZlm{Kl§Ä¡v hg§mXncn¡pI. Bcm[\Ifn ITn\m²zm\w sN¿pI XpS§nbh kzq^nIfpsS apJap{ZbmWv' (ep½: 11).
kzq^nkw P\n¡p¶Xv Xncp\_n (kz) bpsS `mh§fnemWv. icoA¯nsâ ]Wn¸pcbn amddpc¨v Dd¸p hcp¯m¯sXm¶pw AXnenÃ. kzq^n {]apJ\mb Camw Jpssicn ]dbp¶Xv ImWpI: XkzÆp^nsâ \nÀ½mWhpw BsI¯pIbpw aX\nba§Ä kq£n¨p sImണ്ട­v \S¡p¶Xnepw ldmante¡pw ldmsa¶v kwibn¡s¸Sp¶Xnte¡pw ssI\o«mXncn¡p¶XnepamWv. am{Xaà _mtly{µnb§sf AcpXmbvaIfn \n¶v X«n¯ncn¡pIbpw izmtkmÑmkw hsc AÃmlphnsâ Xr]vXnbnem¡m³ {ian¡pIbpw sN¿Ww'. (cnkme¯p Jpssicn 185) kzq^n A[ym]\§fpsS k¯bnte¡v hnc Nq­ണ്ടn ssiJv Poem\n (d) (ln. 561) C§s\ ]dªp: kXyamÀ¤w ]n´pScpI. _nZvA¯v Dണ്ടm¡cpXv. hgns¸SpI, `n¶n¡cpXv. XuloZv DÄsImffpI, inÀ¡v sN¿cpXv. kXyawKoIcn¡pI, kwibn¡cpXv. £assIsImffpI, ]cn{`m´nbnemIcpXv. hgn]mSpIfm kwLSn¡pI, On¶`n¶amIcpXv.' (^p¯plp ssK_v 10) Camw imZpen (d) sâ (ln 656) hm¡pIÄ IqSn ImWpI: ASnathe¡v icocs¯ ioen¸n¡pIbpw c£nXmhnsâ \nba¯nte¡v sImണ്ട­phcnIbpw sN¿pI. Camw KÊmen (d) sâ `mjbn XkzÆp^,v DÄsImff Hmtcm apkvenan\pw \nÀ_Ôas{X. ImcWw \yq\XIfpw Nm]ey§fpw CÃm¯hcmbn {]hmNI·mcÃmsX addmcpanÃ. (iÀlp ln¡w : C_v\pAPo_ 1:7) kzq^nIfpambn _Ôs¸Sm\nSh¶Xn\ptijw D­mb BßotbmXvIÀjw F§s\sb¶v PohnXm\p`h¯n \n¶v Camw KÊmen (d) hnhcn¡p¶Xv IqSn ImWpI: Fsâ PohnXmcw`¯n kzmenlpIfpsS ØnXn hntij§fpw Bcn^pIfpsS Øm\am\§fpw \ntj[n¨ncp¶p. A§s\ Fsâ BßobKpcp bqkp^p¶kmPpambn I­ണ്ടpap«m\nSbmbn. At±lw ITn\bÚ¯neqsS Fsâ a\kv sXfnbn¨p. ]e `mKy§fpw Fsâ a\Êns\ ISm£n¨p sIm­ണ്ടncp¶p. Hcn¡Â AÃmlphns\ kz]v\¯n ZÀin¨p. Ah³ Ft¶mSv IÂ]n¨p: "A_qlmanZv, \nsâ tPmenIÄ Dt]£n¡pI. Fsâ Xncpt\m«¯n\p hnt[bcmb Nne Zmk·msc `qanbn \ntbmKn¨n«pണ്ട­v. Fsâ {]oXn¡p th­ണ്ടn CltemIw hnddhcmWhÀ. Ahcpambn k¼À¡s¸SpI. Rm³ ]dªp: AÃmlpth, Ahsc Ipdn¨ kZvhnNmcw F\n¡v X¶mepw. `uXnI t{]aamWv \ns¶ Ahcpambn AIddp¶Xv. CltemI¯v \n¶v \nµy\mbn Cd§n t]mIm\nShcp¶Xn\v ap¼v Xs¶ X¶njvS{]Imcw Xncn¨pt]mcpI. Rm³ kz]v\¯n \ns¶gpt¶ddp. kt´mjhm\mbn ssiJns\ kao]n¨p. kw`h§sfÃmw hniZoIcn¨p. At±lw ]p©ncn XqIn ]dªp: XpS§nbtXbpffq. \½psS k¼À¡w kpZrVambm AÃmlphnsâ iànbmIp¶ ARvP\w sImണ്ട­v \nsâ t\{X§Ä kpdpasbgpXs¸Spw' (iJvkzn¿mXpkzq^nb: A_vZp _mJn kpdqÀ 154) Npcp¡¯n XkzÆp^v {]hmNI \nÀt±i§fpw \nZÀi\§fpw am{XamIp¶p. ]caamb kvt\l¯nsâ aqÀ¯o`mhhpw ]co£W¯nsâ XoNqfbpamIp¶p. kzÀ¤hpw dºnsâ Xr]vXnbpamWv ap{ZmhmIyw. i{Xpkwlmcw \S¯n ]nimNns\ tlmaIpWvU¯ntes¡dnbemWv e£yw. A\mNmc§Ä¡pw Xn·IÄ¡pw AhnsS koddnÃ. kzq^nIÄ Xncp\_n (kz) bpsS ]À®imebnse injy·mÀ am{Xw. Ckveman\v hncp²ambsXm¶pw AhÀ sN¿p¶nÃ.
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Xncp\_n (kz) bpsS Bßob`mh¯nsâ k´XnbmWv kzq^nksa¦n F´psImണ്ട­vv kzq^n F¶ \maw kzlm_namÀ kzoIcn¨nÃ. kzq^n KpW§Ä Gddhpw IqSpX H¯ptNÀ¶hcmbncp¶tÃm kzlm_nIÄ. F¶n«pw kzlm_n F¶ t]cnemWtÃm Ahcdnbs¸«Xv. Cu kwib¯n\p Camw Jpssicn (d) ]dbp¶ adp]Sn CXmWv: \_n (kz) bpsS klhmkw sImണ്ട­\pKrloXcmb P\§Ä¡v B klhmk¯nt\¡mÄ henb Hcp hntijWw thsdbnÃm¯Xn\m B _Ôs¯ Adnbn¡p¶ kzlm_n F¶ A]c\ma¯nednbs¸«p. ]n¶oSv kzlm_n klhmkw e`n¨hÀ Xm_nDIÄ F¶pw Ahsc XpS¶hÀ Xm_nDXm_nAv F¶pw Adnbs¸«p. ]n¶oSv A§s\sbmcp Øm\w \ÂIm\nÃmsXbmbt¸mÄ aXImcy§fn IqSpX \njvIÀjX ]men¨p h¶hÀ kmlnZpIÄ, B_nZpIÄ F¶ t]cnednbs¸«p. ]nÂIme¯v aXcwK¯v _nZvA¯pw hn`mKobXbpw hfÀ¶p h¶p. Hmtcm hn`mKhpw kmlnZv \ma¯n AhImi XÀ¡ap¶bn¡m³ XpS§n. At¸mgmWv AlvepÊp¶bnse D¶Xcpw lrZbip²nbpffhcpw izmtkmÑzmkw hsc AÃmlphnsâ {]oXn¡p Nen¸n¡m³ {]m]vXcpamb alm·m¡sf kzq^n F¶ \ma¯n hnfn¡m³ XpS§nbXv. Bß kwkv¡cW¯nsâ D¯pwKXbnse¯nb B almßm¡Ä¡v lnPvd 200 \v ap¼v Xs¶ Cu t]cv {]kn²nbmÀPvPn¨ncp¶p. (cnkme¯p Jpssicn. t]Pv 7)
{]kn² Ncn{X ]WvVnX³ C_v\pJÂZq³ apJ±nax bn ]dbp¶Xv {i²n¡pI: aX]camb hnÚm\§fn kaql¯n ]n¶oSpണ്ട­mbXmWv XkzÆp^v. kzq^nIfpsS ssienbpw XzcoJ¯pw ap³KmanIfpsSbpw kzlm_nIÄ, Xm_nDIÄ, Zo\nsâ CamapIÄ F¶nhcn {]apJcpsSbpw PohnX¯nepണ്ട­mbncp¶p. AXnsâ ASnØm\w C_mZ¯n\pw AÃmlphn\v th­ണ്ടn PohnXw \o¡nsh¡p¶Xn\pw XymKw sN¿pI, `uXnI XmÂ]cy§fn \n¶I¶v ]qÀ®ambpw kpJt`mK§Ä Hgnhm¡n hncànbn Pohn¡pI F¶s{X. CXmIs« kzlm_¯nepw ke^pIfnepw \ndªp\n¶ncp¶p. ]n¡me¯v Cu [mcbn \n¶v P\§fI¶t¸mÄ c­ണ്ടmw \qäm­nepw AXn\ptijhpw C_mZ¯pambn Ignªp IqSp¶hÀ kzq^nIÄ F¶ t]cnednbs¸«p.
http://www.muslimpath.com/images/arrow_red.gifkzq^n XXz§Ä
kp{][m\hpw auenIhpamb c­Sn¯dIfnemWv kzq^n XXz§Ä \nesImffp¶Xv. Bßkacw (apPmlZx), AÃmlphnt\mSpff ]caamb t{]aw (aplº¯v) F¶nhbmWh. lrZbip²n ssIhcn¡p¶XneqsS a\pjy³ \¶mbn Xocpw. AXv t\SnsbSp¡m³ \S¯p¶ XymKhpw kachpamWv apPmlZx. AXp]tZin¡p¶hcmWv Kpcp¡·mÀ. hen¿pIÄ, kmlnZpIÄ, kzq^nIÄ, ssiJpamÀ F¶o A]c\ma¯nednbs¸Sp¶hÀ BßobmNmcy·mcmb Kpcp¡fneqsS Xncp\_n (kz) bpsS A[ym]\§Ä DÄs¡mണ്ട­v {]hÀ¯n¡pIbmWv Bßip²nbpsS hgn. Hcp DZmlcW¯neqsS Cu hkvXpX \ap¡v a\Ênem¡mw: {]`mX¯n kqcy\pZn¡p¶tXmsS kÔybpsS CcpÄ \o§p¶p. cm{Xnbn {]ImianÃmsX \mw H¶pw ImWp¶nÃ. CcpÄ`bw am{Xw _m¡n. kqcy{]Imi¯n \mw kÀÆ hkvXp¡sfbpw ImWp¶p. F¦nepw \½psS \áZrjvSnbnÂs¸Sm¯ [mcmfw hkvXp¡Ä A´co£¯nepണ്ട.v AWp¡Ä, IoS§Ä, sNdp{]mWnIÄ XpS§nbhsb kqcy\pZn¨v {]Imiw ]c¶n«pw ImWp¶nÃ. F¶m kqcy{]Imiw ZÀ¸W¯nte¡p ]Xn¸n¡pIbpw ZÀ¸W¯neqsS {]Xn^en¸n¡p¶ {]Imi¯n t\m¡pIbpw sNbvXm IoS§sf Iണ്ടp]nSn¡m³ Ignbp¶p. CXpt]mse {]hmNI IpSpw_¯nse kqcytKmfamb Xncp\_n (kz) bpsS ktµi§Ä kzoIcn¨ apkvenansâ lrZbw AÔImcw \o§n Cuam\nI {]Imiw sIm­v {]`m]qcnXambn«p­ണ്ടvv. F¦nepw B lrZb¯n ASnªp IqSnb \nch[n IoS§fpw _mIvSocnbIfpapണ്ട­v. Al¦mcw, Akqb, temIam\yw, shdp¸v, tZjyw, ]I XpS§nbhbmWXv. Chsb s]s«¶v I­ണ്ടp]nSn¡m³ IgnbpIbnÃ. kzlm_nIfpw Xm_nDIfpw {]hmNI klhmksa¶ alm`mKyw sImണ്ട­Xv t\SnsbSp¯p. ]n³KmanIÄ¡Xv Iണ്ട­p]nSn¨p NnInÕn¨p kpJs¸Sp¯m\pff Ffp¸ hgn \_n (kz) bpsS ktµi§Ä Bßob Kpcp¡·mcmIp¶ I®mSnbneqsS {]Xn^en¸n¡pIbmWv. B ZÀi\w hgn t\SnsbSp¡p¶Xv Bßip²oIcWamWv.
Bßob Kpcp¡Ä¡v Bthiw ]Icp¶ Hcp lZokv ImWpI. A\kv (d) ]dbp¶p: Xncp\_n (kz) Fs¶ hnfn¨p D]tZin¨p. Fsâ Ipªptamt\, {]`mXw apX {]tZmjw hsc Hcp a\pjyt\mSpw bmsXmcp shdp¸pw \nsâ a\ÊnenÃmsX Pohn¡m³ Ignbpsa¦n \o AXv sN¿pI. AsXsâ NcybmWv. Fsâ Ncy ]p\cpPvPohn¸n¡p¶h³ kzÀ¤¯n {]thin¡p¶XmWv. (XnÀapZn)
`uXnI hncànbn ]qÀ®X {]m]n¨p sIm­ണ്ടmWv Cu kp¶¯v ]p\cpPvPohn¸n¡m³ kzq^o temI¯n\v IgnªXv. P\kzm[o\hpw A[nImctamlhpw `uXnI t{]ahpw IpSnsImffp¶ lrZb¯n Cu Ncy {]thin¡pIbnÃ. (Ahmcn^p aBcn^v 303)
Bßip²n t\Sp¶Xn\v ITn\m²zm\w sN¿p¶ apPmlZx sb Ipdn¨pÅ Nn{Xw C§s\bmWv: AÃmlphn \n¶v a\pjys\ AIddp¶ \mep {]XnIfpണ്ട­v. a\Êv, Zp³bmhv, ]nimNv. krjvSnIÄ. Ch \mepw hyXykvX ssienbn a\pjysâ {]bmW¯n¶v amÀ¤XSÊw krjvSn¡p¶p. Chbn H¶mw{]Xn a\ÊmsW¶v Xncn¨dnbepw kz´w t]mcmbvaIÄ Isണ്ട¯n Xncp¯m\pÅ BÀPhw t\SepamWv Bßkac¯nsâ H¶mwL«w. Cu L«w hnPbIcambn t\cn«m ]n¶oSpff {]bmW¯n ]nimNv \nc´cw ]ng¸n¡m\pw ]oUn¸n¡m\pw {ian¡pw. B kµÀ`¯nemWv ssiJnsâ ]n³_ew D­mbncnt¡­Xv. {]kn² kzq^n Nn´I\mb C_v\p APo_ (d) ]dbp¶Xv ImWpI: t\ÀamÀ¤w tXSp¶hÀ¡v apPmlZx sNbvtX tim`n¡m³ Ignbq. Bcw`w ip`ambm Ahkm\hpw ip`w Xs¶. AekXbpw hogvNbpw ssIshSnªv AXy²zm\w sN¿p¶hÀt¡ hnPb {]Xo£bpffq. (CuJmfp lnaaw 2:370)
AÃmlphnt\mSpff ]caamb t{]aamWtÃm kzq^n XXz§fn cണ്ട­mas¯Xv. CXv km[ns¨Sp¡p¶Xn\v \nch[n XymKw sN¿p¶hcmWv apÀinZpIfmb Bßob Kpcp¡·mÀ. \nch[n Aán ]co£IÄ AhÀ t\cnSp¶p. kq£vaXbmWv B PohnX¯nse {][m\ [À½§fnsem¶v. Xncp\_n (kz) bpsS ]mTimebn \n¶v ]IÀ¯nb kp¶¯pIÄ H¶v t]mepw tNmÀ¶p t]mImsX AXoh kq£vaXtbmsS A\pjvTn¡pIbpw icoc¯n\v {]bmkclnXam¡pIbpw sN¿p¶Xmbn Huenbm¡fpsSbpw kzq^nIfpsSbpw PohnXw ]T\hnt[bam¡p¶ BÀ¡pw t_m[ys¸Sp¶XmWv. Nne DZmlcW§Ä:
an¼dpIfn \n¶v t]mepw kzq^n ZÀi\§Ä {]t_m[\w sNbvX alm\mb kmlnZmWv in_ven \pAvam³ (d) (acWw lnPvd 334). Kpcphmb in_venbpsS acWkabs¯ ØnXn hntijsa´mbncp¶psh¶v At±l¯nsâ ]cnNmcIt\mSv tNmZn¨t¸mÄ C§s\bmbncp¶p adp]Sn: "At±l¯nsâ i_vZw \ne¨p. Ahbh§Ä {]hÀ¯\ clnXambt¸mÄ hpfp sNbvXp sImSp¡Wsa¶v BwKy`mjbn Fs¶ Adnbn¨p. Rm³ hpfp sNbvXp sImSp¯p. ]t£, At±l¯nsâ CSXqÀ¶p hfÀ¶ XmSn Xn¡Iddn sImSp¡phm³ Rm³ ad¶p t]mbn. DSs\ Fsâ ssI ]nSn¨p XmSnbnte¡v \o¡n. Rm³ B kp¶¯v Kpcphn\v \nÀÆln¨p sImSp¡pIbpw sNbvXp'. (Ahmcn^v 317)
ssiJv Pnem\o (d) Hcp cm{Xnbn \mÂ]Xp XhW Ipfn¨Xpw kp¶¯v kq£n¨Xnsâ DZmlcWamWv. cm{Xnbn henb Aip²nbp­ണ്ടmbm DSs\ Ipfn¨p ip²n hcp¯Â \nÀ_ÔanÃ. F¦nepw kp¶¯mWv. kzp_vln \nkv¡mc¯n\p ap¼v Ipfn¡te \nÀ_Ôapffq. F¶n«pw kvJe\w hgn Aip²nbp­mb DSs\ ssiJv Poem\n (d) Ipfn¨p. hoണ്ടpw Aip²n, hoണ്ട­pw Ipfn¨p. Cu ]co£Ww \mev]Xp XhW BhÀ¯n¨p. ssiJhÀIÄ hnPbn¨p. kp¶¯pIÄ ]men¨p. icocsamXp¡n BßobX DÄsImണ്ട­ almßm¡fn HcmfmWv \^ok¯p ankzvcn¿x (d) (acWw lnPvd 208). a¡bn P\n¨v aZo\mico^n hfÀ¶p CuPn]vXn IpSntbdn ]mÀ¯ alXnbpsS PohnXw P\§Ä¡v CkvemanI {]` sNmcnbp¶Xmbncp¶p. t\m¼pw \nkv¡mchpw JpÀB³ ]mcmbWhpambn Ignªp IqSnb alXn kz´w Ic§Ä sImണ്ട­v J_À Ipgn¡pIbpw AXnend§nbncp¶p 190 {]mhiyw JpÀBt\mXn XoÀ¡pIbpw sNbvXncp¶p. acWmk¶bmbn InS¡pt¼mÄ t\m¼pImcnbmbncp¶p. t\m¼p apdn¡Wsa¶v NnInÕn¨ tUmIvSÀamÀ \nÀt±in¨t¸mÄ AhÀ {]XnIcn¨Xv C§s\bmWv. Ignª ap¸Xv hÀjambn Fs¶ t\m¼pImcnbmbn acn¸n¡Wa¶v Rm³ AÃmlphnt\mSv ZpB sN¿p¶p. AXn\hkcw In«nbXmWnt¸mÄ. F¶n«v Rm\o t\m¼v apdn¡pItbm, AsXmcn¡epanÃ. (\qdp A_vkzmÀ)
Npcp¡¯nÂ, Huenbm¡fpw ssiJpamcpw kzq^nIfpw Xncp\_n (kz) bpsS Bßob `mh§fn \n¶I¶hcÃ; IqSpX ASp¯hcmWv. sh«n¸pw X«n¸pambn \S¶p `uXnI kpJ§fn apJw Ip¯nbhcÃ; BßXymKw sNbvXhcmWv. kp¶¯pw ^Àfpw Hgnhm¡n kpJn¨p hneknb Aek·mcÃ; ]«nWn InS¶pw Dd¡samgn¨pw IjvSs¸«v Bcm[n¨hcmWv.
http://www.muslimpath.com/images/arrow_red.gifBßob _Ôw
BßobmNmcycpambn _Ôs¸S hnizmknbpsS Bß]cnt]mjW¯n\pw kwc£W¯n\pw A\nhmcyamWv. Cuam³ kwc£n¡m\pw PohnX¯n kwXr]vXnbpw kq£vaXbpw ssIhcn¡m\pw CXmhiyamWv. \·bpsS tKm]pc§fnte¡pff amÀ¤ZÀinbpsS Bhiy¯n Du¶nsImണ്ട­v CamwKÊmen ]dbp¶Xn§s\bmWv; k·mÀ¤¯n {]thin¡p¶h\v hgnIm«n AXymhiyamWv. Zpkz`mhw \nÀ½mÀPvP\w sNbvXv kÂkz`mhnbm¡nsbSp¡p¶ Kpcp. AhcmWv injysc ]Sn]Snbmbn hfÀ¯nsbSp¡p¶ apdºnbmb ssiJpamÀ. Irjnsb ]cn]men¡p¶ IÀjIs\ t]msebmWv apdºnbmb Kpcp. Irjnbn s]m´n hcp¶ If, IÃv, ]pÃv, N¸vNhdpIsfÃmw FSp¯v \o¡n Irjnsb \¶m¡n ]eXhW shffw \nÀ¯n kwc£n¡p¶Xn\v Hcp IÀjI³ A\nhmcyamsW¶Xpt]msebmWv apdºnbmb ssiJpamÀ. P\a\ÊpIfn apf¨p s]m´p¶ IfIÄ ]dn¨p \o¡n Cuam\nsâ sNSn kwc£n¡p¶hÀ. AXn\mWv AÃmlp {]hmNI·msc \ntbmKn¨Xv. A´y {]hmNI³ Xncp\_n (kz) h^m¯mIpt¼mÄ Cu ZuXy\nÀÆlW¯n\v Jpe^mDdminZpIsf \ntbmKn¨p. AhÀ ASp¯ Xeapdsbbpw. A´y\mÄ hsc CXp XpSÀ¶p sImണ്ടncn¡p¶p. (Clvb 3:55)
temI¯v H«p ap¡m DÂ]¶§fnepw ambw tNÀ¡s¸«Xp t]mse ssiJpamcnepw ambw IeÀ¶n«p­ണ്ടv. bYmÀY Kpcp¡·mscbmWv Iണ്ട­t¯ണ്ട­Xv. `àcpw ip²cpw kmXznIcpambhsc. X«n¸nsâ hnhn[ apJ§Ä kzoIcn¨v ab¡p acp¶pw ab¡p a{´hpw ssIapXem¡nb IÅ\mWb§Ä [mcmfw amÀ¡ddnend§nbn«pണ്ട­v. Ahcpambn ASp¡pI t]mepw sN¿cpXv.
bYmÀY ssiJpamÀ CkvemanI {]` sNmcnbp¶hcpw AÔhnizmkhpw Ahnizmkhpw shdp¡p¶hcpambncn¡pw. `uXnI t\«§Ä¡v AhcpsS ap¶n {]kànbnÃ. Ahcpambn _Ôs¸«p sIm­ണ്ടmIWw AÃmlphnte¡Spt¡ണ്ട­Xv. Cu hkvXpXbnte¡v hnc Nq­ണ്ടn C_v\p AXzmDÃmlnkn¡´cn ]dbp¶Xv {i²n¡pI: t\Àhgnbnse¯Wsa¶v Dt±in¨hÀ tbmKy\mb ssiJns\ At\zjn¡Ww. tZtlOIÄ XnckvIcn¨, XzcoJ¯n Imepd¨ ssiJns\ In«nbm At±l¯n\p hg§n Pohn¡Ww. tZtlÑbpsS XShdbn \n¶v bPam\\mb dºnsâ ZÀ_mdnte¡p \ns¶ ]nSn¨pbÀ¯p¶h\mbncn¡Ww \o Kpcphmbn sIm­ണ്ടp \S¡p¶h³. AÃmlphnsâ {]Imiw JÂs_¶ I®mSnbn sXfnbn¡Ww. (eXzmC^p an\³ 167)
Bßob _Ô¯nsâ hgnIfnte¡v JpÀB³ shfn¨w hoip¶Xv ImWpI: kXyhnizmknItf, AÃmlphn\p XJvh sN¿pIbpw Ahsâ kmao]y¯n\pXIp¶ am[ya§sf At\zjn¡pIbpw Ahsâ amÀ¤¯n kac¯n\nd§pIbpw sN¿pI, \n§Ä hnPbnIfmIp¶Xn\v th­ണ്ടn. (AÂamCZ: 35) AÃmlphnte¡Sp¡m³ D]bpàamb am[ya§Ä At\zjn¨p kzoIcn¡Wsa¶v Cu kqà¯neqsS AÃmlp ]Tn¸n¡p¶p. AÃmlphnsâ kÂ]Ùmhnte¡Sp¸n¡m³ AXv AXymhiyamWv. BßobÚm\apff ]WvVnX t{ijvTcpw XzcoJ¯nsâ ssiJpamcpamWv am[ya§Ä (dqlpÂ_bm³ 2:388)
\nÝbw, AhÀ bYmÀY hgnbn \ne\n¶phcnIbmsW¦n \mw AhÀ¡v [mcmfambn ]m\obw \ÂIpw, CXn \mw Ahsc ]co£n¡p¶Xn\v thണ്ട­n (kqd¯p Pn¶v:17) Cu kqà¯n kzq^n PohnX¯nte¡pÅ kqN\bpണ്ട­v. PohnXkpJmUw_c§fn \n¶I¶v AÃmlphnsâ Xr]vXn¡p hnt[bcmIpt¼mÄ icoc¯nsâ \ne\nÂ]n\p Pew IWs¡ AhcpsS lrZb§fn kvt\lw, Adnhv XpS§nbh \ÂIp¶XmWv. AXp \ÂIs¸«m AhÀ¡v BZchpw Bkànbpw H¸w hÀ²n¨p sImണ്ട­ncn¡pw. AtX XpSÀ¶v hoSpw IpSpw_hpw shSntª¡pw. NnecpsS a\Ênsâ ka\ne Xs¶ sXddntb¡pw. addp NneÀ t{]a`mP\s¯ (AÃmlphns\) tXSn elcnbnembncn¡pw. (kzmhn 4:242)
BXvaob BNmcysc tXSn injyXzw kzoIcn¨v k·mÀ¤w ]pÂIp¶Xv ]pXnb ImcyaÃ. {]hmNI\mb aqk (kz) Jfndns\ At\zjn¨p Isണ്ട­¯nb kw`hw hnip² JpÀB\nepw kzoImcyamb lZokpIfnepw ]dªn«pffXpw kphnZnXambXpamWv. aqkm\_n (A) \_nbpw dkqepamWv. JfnÀ \_ntbm hent¿m F¶Xn XÀ¡ap­ണ്ടv. \_nbmsW¶v sh¨m Xs¶ aqk (A) t\¡mÄ ]ZhnIpdªhcmWv. ImcWw aqkm (A) dkq IqSnbmWtÃm. F¶n«pw aqkm (A) ¡v A¶phsc e`n¨n«nÃm¯ Nne A²ymßnI Úm\§Ä Jfndn\p AÃmlp \ÂInbncp¶p. AXv aqkm\_n¡p e`n¡p¶Xn¶p apt¼bmWvv Jfndns\ kao]n¨Xpw k©mcw \S¯nbXpw. B _Ôw aqkm\_nbn Nne amdd§fpണ്ട­m¡pIbpw temI P\X¡v Nne \à ]mT§Ä e`n¡pIbpw sNbvXp.
_ohn \^ok (d) CuPn]vXn Xmakam¡nbt¸mÄ Camw im^nCu (d) CS¡nsS sN¶v ZpB sN¿n¸n¡pambncp¶p. im^nCu (d) \vv bm{XsN¿m³ IgnbmsXbmbt¸mÄ _ohnbpsS AcnInte¡v Bsf ]dªb¨p sIm­ണ്ടmWv ZpB sN¿n¨ncp¶Xv. sshÚm\nI aWvUe¯nse shffn\£{X§fmWv im^nCu (d), Al½Zp_n³ l¼Â (d) F¶nhÀ. ]t£, BßobÚm\¯n AKm[ ]mWvUnXyapff almßm¡sf kµÀin¡m³ AhÀ aSn¨ncp¶nÃ. {]kn² kzq^nbmb ssi_m³ dmCsb Camw im^nCu (d) kµÀin¡mdp­ണ്ടmbncp¶p. Hcp sIm¨p hnZymÀYnsbt]mse A¨S¡t¯msS ssi_m\pdmCbpsS ap¼nencp¶v ]e hnjb§fpw tNmZn¨p a\Ênem¡nbncp¶p. im^nCubpsS B \S]Snbn hnjaw tXm¶nb NneÀ tNmZn¨p: "\n§sf t]mepffhÀ Cu ImS·mcpsS kao]¯v hcnItbm'. "AsX, R§fpsS {i²bn s]Sm¯ ]e hnÚm\ap¯pIfpw Chcn \n¶v t\SnsbSp¡mw'. Camw im^nCu adp]Sn ]dªp. Camw Al½Zp_n³ l¼epw (d) {]kn² ]WvVnX\mb blvb_n³ apCu\pw (d) kzq^n {]apJ\mb aAvdq^p IÀJnsb \nc´cw kao]n¡mdp­ണ്ടmbncp¶p (Clvb 1þ28).
A[ymßnIÚm\nIfpsS injyXzhpw D]tZi§fpanÃmsX tIhe{KÙ§Ä hmbn¨p t\Àam À¤w {]m]n¡msa¶p IcpXp¶Xp hnUvVn¯amW.v Camw iAvdm\n (d) ]dbp¶Xv ImWpI:
ssiJns\ kzoIcn¡msX BZyIme§fn Ipsdb[nIw ITn\m²zm\w Rm³ sNbvXp t\m¡n. {]ikvX XkzÆp^v {KÙ§fmb cnkme¯p Jpssicn, Ahmcn^p aBcn^v, Jp¯q Jpeq_v, Clvb XpS§nb \nch[n {KÙ§Ä hmbn¡pIbpw AXn ImWp¶ amÀ¤§Ä Ahew_n¨p C_mZ¯pIÄ sNbvXp bXv\n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. F¶m icnbmb hgn AXsöv F\n¡v t_m[ys¸«t¸mÄ Rm³ ssiJns\ kzoIcn¡pIbpണ്ട­mbn. henb Hcp IhmSw IS¡m³ {ian¡p¶hsâ {]XoXn At¸mÄ F\n¡p ssIh¶p. IhmSw Xpd¶n«ptണ്ട­m CÃtbm F¶dnbnÃ. Xpd¶n«ps­ണ്ട¦n {]thin¡mw. Csæn Xncn¨p t]mcmsa¶ [mcWbn ]e XhW IjvS¸mSv kln¨v bm{X sN¿p¶Xv A`nImayaÃ. IhmS ]mdmhpImc³ Ds­¦n At±lt¯mSt\zjn¨v \nÀt±i{]Imcw IhmS¯n {]thin¡m³ {ian¨m A²zm\w IpdbpIbpw Imcyw \S¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. CXv Xs¶bmWv ssiJnÃm¯hsâbpw ØnXn. BbpÊv \in¡pIbÃmsX e£y{]m]vXn t\Sm\mhp¶XÃ. (eXzmC^p an\³; Camw iAvdm\n 1þ48)
apÀinZpIfmb Kpcp¡·mcpsS klmbanÃmsX kz´w Úm\w, ]mWvUnXyw F¶nh sImണ്ട­v XzcoJ¯nsâ tkm]m\¯nse¯m³ Ignªncp¶psh¦n Camw KÊmen (d), CÊp±o\p_n³ A_qÊemw (d) XpS§nb ]WvVnX tIkcnIÄ ssiJpamcpsS injyXzw kzoIcn¡pIbnÃmbncp¶p. hnÚm\k¼mZ¯n\v Bßob amÀ¤ap­¶v ]dbp¶hsc shÃphnfn \S¯nbhcmbncp¶p ChÀ c­ണ്ടpt]cpw. F¶m kzq^o amÀ¤w kzoIcn¨Xn\v tijw Ccphcpw AXv Xncp¯n ]dªp. \njv^eamb {]hÀ¯\¯n R§fpsS BbpÊv ]mgmbnt¸mbncn¡p¶p (eXzmC^p an\³ 1þ25).
Bßob Kpcp¡·mcpambn _Ôw Øm]n¡p¶Xpw {]mÀYn¡m\mhiys¸Sp¶Xpw ]ctemI hnPbw e£yam¡nbmhWw. AXnsâ DZmlcW§fmWv apIfn sImSp¯Xv. F¶m hnk e`n¡m\pw I¨hSw ]ptcmKan¡m\pw km¼¯nI ]ptcmKXn¡psaÃmw Huenbm¡fmsW¶v ]dbs¸Sp¶hsc kao]n¨p {]mÀYn¸n¡p¶ {]hWXbmWv C¶v ]cs¡ I­phcp¶Xv. CXv `uXnI XmÂ]cy¯nepff AXntamlw am{XamWv.
Cuam\nI ]cnip²n¡v G¡p¶ HSnhpw NXhpw t]mdepsaÃmw Bßob ip²Pew sIm­ണ്ടv IgpIn hr¯nbm¡n kÂkcWnbnte¡v \bn¡p¶hcmIWw Kpcp¡·mÀ. A¯c¡mÀ¡v Hcp]mSv D¯aKpWhntij§fp­v. Ahsbms¡ tafn¨ Kpcp¡sf In«m³ {]bmkw t\cnSpIbmsW¦n Bßob_Ôw Øm]nt¡­ണ്ടXv Xncp\_n (kz) tbmSv Xs¶bmWv. Xncp\_nbpsS `uXnI hntbmKw kw`hn¨Xp sIm­ണ്ടv t\cn Iണ്ടv _Ôs¸Sphm³ \ap¡v \nÀÆmlanÃ. AXn\m Xncp\_n (kz) bpsS ta kzem¯pw kemapw hÀ²n¸n¨p AhnSs¯ kvt\lw k¼mZn¡pI. At¸mÄ Xncp\_n (kz) \ap¡v Bßob in£Whpw ]cnemf\bpw \ÂInsIm­ണ്ടncn¡pw. B XWen \ap¡v a\xkpJw In«pw. Cu hkvXpX XkzÆp^v {KÙ§fmb kmZp apkenw 2:384, AJvd_pXzpdpJn Ce lJv 7, XpS§nbhbn ]cmaÀin¨n«pണ്ട­v.


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